Smallholder Farming during COVID-19: A Systematic Review Concerning Impacts, Adaptations, Barriers, Policy, and Planning for Future Pandemics

Our broad aim was to systematically analyse research on the effect of COVID-19 smallholder farming during 2019–2021 and discuss how could be beneficial farm resilience future pandemics. The review methods were based PRISMA guidelines, 53 articles included in final review. aims document social-economic impacts different groups, barriers opportunities farmers adapting COVID, policy options. Barriers adaptations considered only 15% journal articles, suggesting a gap. This highlights fact that, among others, technology access ensure information crisis communication that specifically targets smallholders, as well multi-layered diversification, serves good predictors adaptation COVID-19. Multi-layered diversification includes product market income stream diversification. confirms established knowledge disasters livelihood studies where livelihoods portfolio key factor against shocks crisis. Finally, we summarised implications arising from literature. implies governments must develop an effective policy-mix leaves no behind